Industries

Industry lenses and a mechanism-by-industry exposure matrix across brokerage, cashback, marketplaces, neobanks, payments and retail.

5 industries.

Industry	Summary	Top mechanisms, ranked
Brokerage and Investing	How retail brokerages move cash and securities, why ATO, ACATS, instant buying power and investment scams dominate losses, and how FINRA and SEC rules shape defenses.	Account Takeover (ATO), Investment Scams (Pig Butchering), Ramp-and-Dump via Account Takeover, ACATS Transfer Fraud, Instant Funding Abuse (Kiting), ACH Funding Fraud, Elder Financial Exploitation, Impersonation Scams, Synthetic Identity Fraud, Sign-Up Bonus Abuse
Cashback, Coupons and Rewards	How receipt-scan cashback, card-linked offers, digital coupons and loyalty programs move brand money to users, and why receipts, offers and reward balances attract farmed accounts and rings.	Receipt Fraud (Cashback), Multi-Accounting, Referral Abuse, Sign-Up Bonus Abuse, Card-Linked Offer Abuse, Loyalty and Rewards Redemption Fraud, Promo Code Abuse, Coupon Counterfeiting and Misredemption, Business Logic Exploitation, Account Takeover (ATO), Device Farms and Emulators, Insider Fraud
Online Marketplaces	How two-sided marketplaces collect from buyers, hold funds and pay sellers, and why seller fraud, buyer claim abuse, triangulation and off-platform scams concentrate in the payout gap.	Seller Non-Delivery and Fake Listings, Buyer Protection Claim Abuse (INR and SNAD), Account Takeover (ATO), Card-Not-Present Fraud, Seller-Targeted Scams (Fake Payment and Overpayment), Triangulation Fraud, Refund and Return Fraud, Fraud Rings and Collusion, Payout Redirection, Promo Code Abuse, Money Mules
Payments and P2P	How P2P apps, wallets, push-to-card and instant rails like RTP and FedNow move money irrevocably, and why scams, ATO cash-out and mules dominate losses there.	Authorized Push Payment (APP) Scams, Account Takeover (ATO), Real-Time Payment Rail Fraud, Money Mules, Impersonation Scams, Seller-Targeted Scams (Fake Payment and Overpayment), Card-Not-Present Fraud, Digital Wallet Provisioning Fraud, First-Party Fraud, Gift Card Fraud, Investment Scams (Pig Butchering)
Retail and Ecommerce	Merchant-side transaction fraud across CNP checkout, refunds and returns, promo abuse, BOPIS and gift cards, and how card network rules and return economics shape retail defenses.	Refund and Return Fraud, Chargeback and Friendly Fraud, Card-Not-Present Fraud, Promo Code Abuse, Card Testing, Gift Card Fraud, Account Takeover (ATO), Buyer Protection Claim Abuse (INR and SNAD), Loyalty and Rewards Redemption Fraud, Business Logic Exploitation, Triangulation Fraud, Insider Fraud

Exposure matrix

● = the mechanism note lists this industry as affected.

44 mechanisms across 6 industries.

Mechanism	Brokerage	Cashback	Marketplace	Neobank	Payments	Retail
Account Takeover
Account Recovery Abuse	●	●	●	●	●	●
Account Takeover (ATO)	●	●	●	●	●	●
Credential Stuffing	●	●	●	●	●	●
MFA Bypass and OTP Interception	●	●	●	●	●	●
Payout Redirection	●	●	●	●	●	●
Phishing and Credential Harvesting	●	●	●	●	●	●
Session Hijacking and Infostealers	●	●	●	●	●	●
SIM Swap and Port-Out Fraud	●	●	●	●	●
Synthetic and Farmed Accounts
Account Farming and Resale	●	●	●	●	●	●
Fake Account Creation (Bots)	●	●	●	●	●	●
Multi-Accounting	●	●	●	●	●	●
Synthetic Identity Fraud	●		●	●	●	●
Rewards and Promotions
Business Logic Exploitation	●	●	●	●	●	●
Card-Linked Offer Abuse		●		●	●	●
Coupon Counterfeiting and Misredemption		●				●
Loyalty and Rewards Redemption Fraud	●	●		●	●	●
Promo Code Abuse		●	●	●	●	●
Receipt Fraud (Cashback)		●				●
Referral Abuse	●	●	●	●	●	●
Sign-Up Bonus Abuse	●	●		●	●	●
Payments and Funding
ACH Funding Fraud	●		●	●	●	●
Bust-Out Fraud	●		●	●	●	●
Card-Not-Present Fraud	●	●	●	●	●	●
Chargeback and Friendly Fraud	●	●	●	●	●	●
Check and Mobile Deposit Fraud	●		●	●	●
Digital Wallet Provisioning Fraud	●			●	●	●
First-Party Fraud	●	●	●	●	●	●
Gift Card Fraud		●	●	●	●	●
Instant Funding Abuse (Kiting)	●	●		●	●
Real-Time Payment Rail Fraud	●	●	●	●	●
Commerce and Marketplaces
Refund and Return Fraud		●	●		●	●
Seller Non-Delivery and Fake Listings			●		●	●
Seller-Targeted Scams (Fake Payment and Overpayment)			●	●	●	●
Investing and Brokerage
Investment Scams (Pig Butchering)	●			●	●
Ramp-and-Dump via Account Takeover	●			●
Authorized Payment Scams
Authorized Push Payment (APP) Scams	●	●	●	●	●	●
Elder Financial Exploitation	●			●	●	●
Impersonation Scams	●	●		●	●	●
Organized and Emerging Threats
Agentic Commerce Fraud	●	●	●	●	●	●
Fraud Rings and Collusion	●	●	●	●	●	●
Fraud-as-a-Service Ecosystem	●	●	●	●	●	●
Generative AI and Deepfake Fraud	●	●	●	●	●	●
Insider Fraud	●	●	●	●	●	●
Money Mules	●	●	●	●	●	●